Biography of Albert Einstein

Biography of Albert Einstein

Profession - Physicist

 

Scientist

Born on - March 14, 1879 

Childhood, Family Background, and schooling

He is the father of modern physics. He was born in Ulm kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire on March 14, 1879. His father's name was Hermann Einstein and mother's name was Pauline Einstein.

He was born into a Jewish family. His father was a scientific utility salesman electrician and mother was a housekeeper. In 1880 the family moved to Munich. In 1894, at the age of 15, Einstein moved with his family to Italy. First they went to Milan and a few months later to Pavía.

Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich from the age of five for three years. At the age of eight, he was transferred to the Louisville gymnasium where he received advanced primary and secondary school education. Einstein himself taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry when he was 12.

Worked at various positions and did revolutionary works

After graduation, Einstein spent two years in search of a teaching job but he didn't find it. Finally, he got the job of the assistant examiner at the Federal Office for intellectual property at the Patent Office.

In 1905, he completed his thesis which was entitled a new determination of molecular dimensions. For the work, he was awarded a Ph.D. by the University of Zurich. In 1905 he came up with his revolutionary works which were focused on the Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity and the equivalence of matter and energy.

In 1905 he published his four groundbreaking papers. The papers provided information on the Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity and the equivalence of matter and energy. These papers brought Einstein to the limelight and he became instantly famous and was recognized as the leading scientist.

In 1908, he joined as a lecturer at the University of Bern. However Einstein left this position as well as the one he was holding at the Patent Office so as to take up the profile of Physics Docent at the University of Zurich.

In 1911, he worked as full-time professor at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague.

Marriage and Personal Life

Einstein and Mileva Maric married in January 1903. They had three children Liesel Einstein, Hans Albert Einstein, and Eduard Einstein.

Einstein separated from his wife Mileva in 1914. In 1916 Einstein was appointed as the president of the German Physical Society that he held for two years during this time Einstein also attained membership in the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Their divorce was final on 14 February 1919. He married Elsa Lowenthal on 2nd June 1919.

He was invited officially by the mayor of New York on April 2nd, 1921 and delivered several lectures at Columbia and Princeton University. Then he moved to Washington DC after that he visited many countries including Singapore, Japan, America, and Belgium to serve his lecture.

Suddenly a new law had been said in Germany according to which Jews could not hold any official positions including teaching at the universities not only was Einstein's work targeted he himself was on the list of assassination targets of the Nazis with a $5,000 bounty on his head.

Einstein lived temporarily in England because of this law. Then he made the decision to permanently stay in the United States and thus applied for citizenship. Einstein gained permanent citizenship in the United States in the year 1940.

Last years of his life

Einstein in his later years was even offered the position of President of Israel but he declined the same stating that he had neither the aptitude nor the experience.

In 1921, he was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1929 Einstein was presented with the Max Planck medal of the German Physical Society in Berlin the chemical element and the stadium was named for him. He died at Princeton New Jersey United States on 18 April 1955 at the age of 76.

Here are some facts about the life of Einstein which are still unknown to many people

• He was an average student although his name is now one associated with the peak of learning and intellect it might surprise you to know that Albert Einstein was actually a rather average student in his youth though not a struggler. Einstein did not excel in any of the traditional school subjects during his childhood except for one that is can you guess which that's right Albert was unsurprisingly the top of a class when it came to mathematics.
• He was a talented musician not only a math genius. Einstein was also an incredibly talented musician. As a child, he grew up with a mother who was an incredibly talented piano player and this led to a love of music being installed in him young age if the whole math and science genius path hadn't worked out it is said by those who knew him but I'm saying could have forced a career as a world-class violinist.
• He was married twice. After his death, letters revealed he maintained close connections with six women spending time with them and receiving gifts from them he married twice his first wife was physicist Mileva Maric whom he married in 1903 and divorced in 1919 in the same year he married his cousin Elsa Lowenthal whom he had a romantic relationship since 1912.
• He also had an illegitimate child. This was the fact that was hidden from public knowledge until it became light in the 1980s. Einstein apparently had an illegitimate daughter from before his marriage in 1902. Old correspondence between Albert and his first wife revealed they had a daughter named Lieserl.
• He was worth 1 million dollars at the time of his death on the 18th of April 1955. It is believed that he signed an estimated net worth of a million dollars. This equates to roughly nine million dollars in today's money. Using his genius intellect his wealth amazed from various publications and patents of his most well-known theories though a million dollars doesn't seem like the kind of figure that you would associate with such an influential figure. That kind of sum in 1952 was certainly enough to be able to live like a king and continue to spread your knowledge without financial worries.
• He promised his Nobel prize money before can't even win it. During the process of drawing up divorce papers between him and his first wife, Einstein put in writing that he promised Mileva the monetary from winning the Nobel Prize for Physics. The only unusual thing about this promise Einstein was still two years away from actually being awarded the prize, of course, Mileva did not have to worry because of anything because everybody knew the fact that Albert Einstein was going to win the Nobel Prize at some point. He stayed true to his word and awarded his life the winning.
• Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 the citation for the prize is for services to theoretical physics however he didn't win for the reason you might first think the prize was not in recognition of his work on the special and general theories of relativity that he is perhaps best regarded for and said Einstein received the prestigious accolade for his work on the photoelectric effect which is the admission from the electrons when light is shone directly onto a material.
• There is evidence to suggest that Einstein's wife co-authored the theory of relativity if this is indeed true then it wasn't so unusual that Mileva received his Nobel Prize-winning in 1905 prize-winning.
• Albert Einstein changed citizenship twice. He was born a German Jew.  He renounces German citizenship in 1896 in order to avoid conscription and move to Switzerland where he was officially stateless until becoming a Swiss citizen in 1901. He returned to the German Empire in 1914 to take up the post of director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of physics. During his tenure, he undertook various excursions including to the United States. In 1933 with Hitler's rise to power he was in the US when he realized he could never return to Germany Einstein became a US citizen in 1940.
• He had big New York connections. Throughout a career, Einstein built strong and long-lasting connections with the city of New York he first visited New York in April of 1921 where he was treated to an official welcome by the mayor John Francis Hyland incredibly proud of his Jewish heritage. Einstein also joined the crowd of 15,000 people at Madison Square Garden for a mass Hanukkah celebration. There is also a permanent reminder of the Great Physician in the form of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx established a year after his death in 1953.
• He has a large brain officially, in fact, the lobes part in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than that of an average brain. When Albert was born in 1879 there were fears from both his mother and from attending physician so he may have been deformed due to the unusually large size of the head. Those fears soon laid to rest. However, as the story goes that little baby's body grows quickly to match up with the size of his head perhaps so large because it was already accommodating one of the biggest brains the world has ever known. Post-Mortem research on Einstein's brain suggested it had a high number of glial cells per neuron which scientists have analyzed to mean Einstein had better-thinking abilities and conceptual skills than average.
• His knowledge theories and influence are immeasurable. He published more than 300 scientific papers. In 2014 the university's archives and libraries of the world announced the release of Einstein's papers amounted to 30,000 unique documents.
• He was against the nuclear bomb. Many people associate Einstein with the development of the nuclear bomb. Einstein was, in fact, a pacifist and because he was horrified that the work going on in Germany to develop nuclear fission into a weapon of mass destruction He was persuaded to write a letter to the President Franklin D Roosevelt. It is accepted that the letter was the catalyst for the U.S. to start the Manhattan Project which eventually presented the nuclear bomb to the world. In 1945 he went against his pacifist principles because of the danger he saw if Hitler had atom bombs but he would continue his fights throughout his life being particularly active in a civil rights movement and in Jewish issues 
• He could have been Israeli president. Israel's first president was Chaim Weizmann and when he died in November 1952 the position was offered to Albert Einstein before his death. Einstein politely declined the offer. He felt hat he was not meant to work as a President.

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